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The Amur leopards in First Niagara Big Cat Falls take turns with the snow leopards. See if you can identify which leopards are on exhibit.


Home > Meet Our Animals > Mammals > Carnivora > Amur leopard
Amur leopard
Panthera pardus orientalis
 
Size An adult Amur leopard stands between 18 inches (45 cm)-30 inches (76 cm) at the shoulder.
Weight Males weight between 82 pounds (37 kg)-200 pounds (89 kg), while females weight between 62 pounds (28 kg)-132 pounds (59 kg).
Conservation Status On the 2011 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the Amur leopard is listed as Critically Endangered.
Diet In the wild, the primary prey of the Amur leopard is roe and sika deer, hares and badgers. At the Zoo, they are fed a diet that includes a commercial meat mix, solid beef and bones; the diet is formulated to meet the nutritional needs of each animal. A beef shank bone is offered once a week. Because shank bones have nearly 7 lbs of meat attached to them, some of the meat is removed from the bone before it is offered to this species. In addition to food, the shank bones provide exercise for the animal’s jaw muscles.
Geographic Range Amur leopards are found in the Amur River Valley between Russia and Asia. They live primarily in boreal forests.
Where to find me in the Zoo First Niagara Big Cat Falls
Note: Description below should include Longevity, Behavior, and Reproduction information
An Amur leopard’s fur is reddish-yellow in the summer and becomes lighter in the winter to blend in with the snow. The hairs of their pelt also change length from summer 0.5 inches(1.3 cm) - 2 inches (5.1 cm). In the winter season the length of their pelt is 3 inches (7.6 cm) in order to keep them warm. They have long legs which allow them to walk through the snow easily.Can you tell a jaguar, snow leopard and Amur leopard apart? All of them have spots, but an Amur leopard’s spots are widely spaced rosettes with thick borders.


Longevity
The lifespan of an Amur leopard is 17 years.

Reproduction
Amur leopards reach sexual maturity at the age of 3. Breeding season is between January and February. The mother carries the babies for approximately 90-105 days. An average of one to six cub is born per litter. The cubs are weaned at 3 months, but remain with their mother until they are between 18-24 months old.

Behavior
As with most cats, Amur leopards are solitary. In the wild, they hunt and eat alone. They are also primarily nocturnal so they may be less active when you see them at the Zoo during the day.

At First Niagara Big Cat Falls, you’ll notice the mesh at the top of the exhibit. There is a good reason for that! Amur leopards are very good climbers and will descend headfirst down a tree. They can leap 20 feet (609 cm) horizontally and 10 feet (304 cm) vertically. Amur leopards are also strong swimmers. 


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Kalinka: Female, born July 28, 1998 at Jungle Cat World Wildlife Park in Canada. She arrived at the Zoo from the Fort Wayne Children's Zoo on November 2, 2009.

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Fun Facts

  • The Amur leopard is one of the most critically endangered big cats in the world. There are only 20-30 remaining in the wild. All Amur leopards are found in the Russian Far East.
  • The Amur Leopard can be distinguished from other sub-species by its spots, which are more widely spaced and have thicker borders.
     

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Sources: Sources: 1) IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011. www.iucnredlist.org Downloaded 25 June 2011. 2) Seidensticker J and Lumpkin S. 1991. Great Cats-Majestic Creatures of the Wild. Emmaus (PA): Rodale Press Inc., p. 227. 3) Gamble C. 2004. Leopards-Natural History and Conservation. Stillwater (MN): Voyageur Press, Inc., p. 14,16. 4) Joubert B and D. 2009. Face to Face with Leopards. Washington (DC): National Geographic Society, p. 29.